Italian architect. He began studying architecture at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence in 1783. He received his first commissions during his study trips to Rome and Venice. In 1797 in Bologna he was associated with circles close to the French Revolution, and he was sentenced to death in absentia by the Habsburg Grand Duchy of Tuscany. He then joined the French army in Italy in 1801 and worked as a topographer for the fortifications of Alessandria, Mantua and Verona. He took part in Napoleon's Russian campaign. After the battle of Waterloo, he fell into British captivity, where he remained until 1816. In 1818 he became court architect of King Wilhelm I in Württenberg, he built for the king - among others - the castle of Rosenstein from 1824 to 1829. In 1839 he was discharged and returned to Florence where he died penniless in 1845. //