English architect, illustrator, painter, draughtsman, designer and teacher. He was born in Paris, but his father was Swiss, and Pugin himself was to spend most of his life in England. Pugin left France during the Revolutionary period for unclear reasons about 1798 and later entered the Royal Academy Schools in London to improve his skills. Shortly afterwards he obtained a position as an architectural draughtsman with the architect John Nash. After considering and abandoning a career in architecture Pugin married and settled on a career as a commercial artist working primarily for publishers of illustrated books. He was a skilful watercolourist as well as an accomplished draftsman. Pugin produced views of London, jointly creating the illustrations for the Microcosm of London (1808-1811) published by Rudolph Ackermann, followed by plates for Ackermann's books about Westminster Abbey, Oxford and Cambridge universities, and Winchester College. He often collaborated with other artists, notably Thomas Rowlandson. His later works included illustrations for Specimens of Gothic Architecture (1821-23), The Royal Pavilion at Brighton (1826), Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain (1826), Specimens of the Architectural Antiquities of Normandy (1827), Illustrations of the Public Buildings of London (1825 to 1828), and Paris and its Environs (1829 to 1831), and Examples of Gothic Architecture (1831). He also produced a book of furniture designs called Gothic Furniture, and assisted architects with detailing for their Gothic designs. He ran a drawing school at his house in Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury. Pugin, along with James Morgan (active 1806-1834). also designed the Diorama building in Regent's Park in 1823, to house and display the Dioramas of Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre (1787-1851), a year after the debut of his Paris original in 1822. These exhibitions in London displayed eight of the Daguerre Dioramas (1823-1832), which were also exhibited on tour in Liverpool, Manchester, Dublin and Edinburgh (1825-1836). Pugin married Catherine Welby of the Lincolnshire Welby family of Denton and his developing interest in the Gothic was to be magnified in the career of their son Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, an architect who was the leading advocate of Gothicism in 19th-century England and the designer of the Palace of Westminster, home of the United Kingdom Parliament. His son also sometimes assisted him in some of his publications. Pugin's achievement as a practicing architect was not great, but he probably provided designs for other architects, such as the Gothic mausoleum for Princess Charlotte (Claremont, Surrey, 1817; destroyed), which was carried out by John Buonarotti Papworth (1775-1847). In 1826-27 he exhibited three designs for cemeteries, and early in 1830 he was associated with the layout of the cemetery at Kensal Green, London. He also had considerable interests in the decorative arts and is known to have designed furniture. //